 |
Acropimpla
Townes,
1960 |
 |
Afrephialtes Benoit,
1953
|
 |
Afroanomalia
Varga, 2018 |
 |
Brachyzapus Gauld & Dubois, 2006 |
 |
Camptotypus Kriechbaumer,
1889
|
 |
Clistopyga Gravenhorst,
1829
|
 |
Echthromorpha Holmgren,
1868
|
 |
Eruga Townes,
1960
|
 |
Exeristes Förster,
1869
|
 |
Itoplectis Förster,
1869
|
|
 |
Neotheronia
Krieger,
1899 |
 |
Pimpla
Fabricius,
1804
|
 |
Pimplaetus
Seyrig,
1932 |
|
|
Pterinopus Townes,
1969
|
.jpg) |
Schizopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 |
 |
Sericopimpla Kriechbaumer,
1895
|
 |
Theronia Holmgren,
1859
|
_220.JPG) |
Tromatobia Förster,
1869
|
|
Xanthephialtes Cameron,
1906
|
|
|
Xanthophenax Saussure,
1892
|
 |
Xanthopimpla
Saussure,
1892
|
.jpg) |
Zaglyptus Förster,
1869
|
 |
Zatypota
Förster,
1869
|
|
Distribution |
Worldwide. |
|
Biology |
Most are Idiobiont ectoparasitoids of pupae or larvae of
Holometabola insects. Hosts are killed or paralyzed by venom injected
during oviposition. A few Pimplinae parasitize adult spiders and egg
sacs (Araneae). |
|
Diagnosis |
Clypeus separated from face by a groove, usually with
apical half thin and apical margin notched, giving a bilobed appearance.
Propodeum often with carina reduced, with few or no area defined.
Metasomal tergite I usually short and wide, with glymma, spiracle at
middle. Ovipositor without dorsal notch. |
|
Diversity |
About 1540 species in 75 genera. |
|
References |
Benoit, P.L.G. 1952. Notes
Ichneumonologiques Africaines II. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique
Africaines 46: 51-59.
Benoit, P.L.G. 1953. Sur des Polysphinctini du Congo belge (Ichneum.
- Pimpl.). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 47:
137-141.
Benoit, P.L.G. 1953. Nouveaux Ichneumonidae du Congo
belge. Lambillionea 53(9-10): 76-78.
Benoit,
P.L.G. 1956.
Ichneumonidae nouveaux ou interessants de l'Afrique du Sud. Annals of the South African Museum 43: 123-135.
Broad GR. 2021. Taxonomic changes
in Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), and notes on certain type specimens. Zootaxa
4941: 511–541.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4941.4.3
Fitton,
M.G. and Gauld, I.D. 1976. The family-group names of the Ichneumonidae
(excluding Ichneumoninae) (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology
1: 247-258.
Förster,
A. 1869.
Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen
des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 25:
135-221.
Gauld, I & Dubois, J 2006. Phylogeny of the
Polysphincta group of genera (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae): A
taxonomic revision of spider ectoparasitoids. Systematic Entomology.
31. 529 - 564.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00334.x
Holmgren,
A.E. 1856. Entomologiska anteckningar under en resa i södra Sverige ar
1854. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 75(1854):1-104.
Kriechbaumer,
J. 1894. Hymenoptera Ichneumonidea a medico nautico Dr. Joh. Brauns in
itinere ad oras Africae occidentalis lecta. Berliner Entomologische
Zeitschrift 39: 43-68.
Rousse, P. & Villemant, C. 2012.
Ichneumons in Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) species, including 15 new taxa and a key to species.
Zootaxa 3278: 1–57.
Seyrig, A. 1932.
Les Ichneumonides de Madagascar. I Ichneumonidae Pimplinae. Mémoires de l'Académie Malgache.
Fascicule 11. 183pp.
Yu D.S., van Achterberg, K.,
Horstmann, K. 2011. World Ichneumonoidea 2011.
Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from
Vancouver, Canada: Taxapad.
www.taxapad.com
Wesmael,
C. 1845.
Tentamen dispositionis methodicae. Ichneumonum Belgii.
Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et
Beaux-Arts de Belgique18:1-239.
|
Credits
|
Photographs
© Simon van Noort or Aisha Mayekiso (Iziko Museums) or by
Agničle
Touret-Alby
© MNHN (specimens database
http://coldb.mnhn.fr) or
© Oleksandr Varga (Schmalhausen
Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine). |
|
Acaenitinae;
Anomaloninae;
Banchinae;
Brachycyrtinae;
Sisyrostolinae;
Campopleginae;
Cremastinae;
Cryptinae;
Ctenopelmatinae;
Diplazontinae;
Eucerotinae;
Ichneumoninae;
Lycorininae;
Mesochorinae;
Metopiinae;
Ophioninae;
Orthocentrinae;
Pimplinae;
Rhyssinae;
Tersilochinae;
Tryphoninae;
Xoridinae
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