|
Distribution |
Worldwide. |
|
Biology |
Koinobiont parasitoids of Lepidoptera. One species is
known to parasitize Scarabeidae (Coleoptera). Nocturnal. |
|
Diversity |
About 1020 species in 33 genera. |
|
Diagnosis |
Clypeus separated from face by a groove. Ocelli large,
lateral ocelli separated from eyes by less than their own diameter.
Antenna long and slender with often more than 55 flagellomeres. Fore
wing with areolet open (3Rs-m absent) and vein 2Rs-m almost always
apical to 2m-Cu, resulting in an elongate disco-submarginal cell.
Metasomal tergite I long, without glymma, without trace of
tergal-sternal suture, the spiracle at apex. Metasoma strongly
com-pressed laterally. Ovipositor short, at maximum equal to apical
metasomal height, with dorsal subapical notch. Color most often pale
yellowish or brownish. Ophioninae are easily distinguishable though they
could be confounded with Netelia which are also large pale
nocturnal species often attracted by light traps (Rousse & Villemant,
2012). |
|
References |
Fitton,
M.G. and Gauld, I.D. 1976. The family-group names of the Ichneumonidae
(excluding Ichneumoninae) (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology
1: 247-258.
Förster,
A. 1869. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen
des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 25:
135-221.
Gadallah
N.S., Soliman A.M., Rousse P. & Al Dhafer H.M. 2017. The genus
Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae)
in Saudi Arabia, with twelve new species records and the description of
five new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 365: 1–69.
https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.365
Gauld, I.D. & Mitchell, P.A. 1978.
The taxonomy, distribution and host preferences of African parasitic
wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae).
Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, Slough, England, 287 pp.
Gauld, I.D. 1982. A revised key of the
Enicospilus antefurcalis (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species
group of the Afrotropical region. Bulletin of Entomological Research
72: 33–38.
Rousse, P. & Villemant, C. 2012.
Ichneumons in Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) species, including 15 new taxa and a key to species.
Zootaxa 3278: 1–57.
Rousse, P. & van Noort, S. 2014.
Afrotropical Ophioninae
(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): an update of Gauld & Mitchell's revision,
including two new species and an interactive matrix identification key.
ZooKeys 456: 59–73. doi:10.3897/zookeys.456.8140
Rousse P, Quicke DLJ, Matthee CA, Lefeuvre P & van Noort S.
2016.
A molecular and morphological reassessment of the phylogeny of the subfamily
Ophioninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zoological Journal of the
Linnaean Society 178: 128–148. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12405
Quicke, D.L.J. ; Fitton, M.G.; Broad, G.R.; Crocker,
B.; Laurenne, N.M.; Miah, M.I. 2005. The parasitic wasp genera
Skiapus, Hellwigia, Nonnus, Chriodes, and Klutiana (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae): recognition of the Nesomesochorinae stat. rev. and
Nonninae stat. nov. and transfer of Skiapus and Hellwigia to the
Ophioninae. Journal of Natural History 39(27): 2559-2578.
Yu D.S., van Achterberg, K.,
Horstmann, K. 2011. World Ichneumonoidea 2011.
Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from
Vancouver, Canada: Taxapad.
www.taxapad.com
|
Credits
|
Photographs
© Simon van Noort or Aisha Mayekiso (Iziko Museums of South Africa). |
|
Acaenitinae;
Anomaloninae;
Banchinae;
Brachycyrtinae;
Sisyrostolinae;
Campopleginae;
Cremastinae;
Cryptinae;
Ctenopelmatinae;
Diplazontinae;
Eucerotinae;
Ichneumoninae;
Lycorininae;
Mesochorinae;
Metopiinae;
Ophioninae;
Orthocentrinae;
Pimplinae;
Rhyssinae;
Tersilochinae;
Tryphoninae;
Xoridinae
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