|
|
Campoletis Förster,
1869 |
 |
Campoplex Gravenhorst,
1829 |
 |
Casinaria Holmgren,
1859 |
|
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Charops Holmgren,
1859 |
 |
Cymodusa Holmgren,
1859 |
 |
Diadegma Förster,
1869 |
|
|
Dusona Cameron,
1901 |
 |
Enytus Cameron,
1905 |
 |
Eriborus Förster,
1869 |
|
 |
Hyposoter Förster,
1869 |
|
|
Leptoperilissus Schmiedeknecht,
1913 |
 |
Meloboris Holmgren,
1859 |
|
|
Sinophorus Förster,
1869 |
 |
Venturia Schrottky,
1902 |
 |
Vildania
Koçak & Kemal, 2009 |
 |
Xanthocampoplex Morley,
1913
|
|
Distribution |
Worldwide. |
|
Biology |
Usually koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or
Symphyta larvae. Some parasitize Coleoptera and a few parasitize
Neuroptera (Raphidiidae). |
|
Diagnosis |
Clypeus usually not separated from face by groove,
mandible often with a ventral flange. Ventro-posterior corner of
propleuron with a strongly produced lobe touching or overlapping
pronotum. Propodeum with distinct transverse and longitudinal carinae.
Metasomal tergite I usually long and slender, with spiracle near apex.
Ovipositor almost always with subapical notch. Predominant color black
or black and reddish-orange. |
|
Diversity |
More than 2100 species in 70 genera, many of which are
poorly defined and are therefore difficult to identify (Rousse &
Villemant, 2012). |
|
References |
Armstrong AJ,
Louw SL, Staude HS, Terblanche RF, Edge DA, van Noort S. 2020.
Observations on parasitoid interaction with Zerenopsis lepida
(Walker, 1854) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Diptychini) at
Entumeni Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Metamorphosis
31: 49–52.
Cameron P. 1905.
On two species of ichneumonidæ parasitic on the codling moth in Cape
colony. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society
16(1): 337-339.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21560382.1905.9526069
Förster,
A. 1869. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen.
Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande
und Westfalens 25(1868): 135-221.
Fitton,
M.G. and Gauld, I.D. 1976. The family-group names of the Ichneumonidae
(excluding Ichneumoninae) (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 1: 247-258.
Gichini G, Löhr B, Rossbach A, Nyambo B & Gathu R 2008. Can low
release numbers lead to establishment and spread of an exotic
parasitoid: the case of the diamondback moth parasitoid, Diadegma
semiclausum (Hellen) in east Africa. Crop Protection 27:
906–914.
Risbec, J. 1960 .
Les parasites des insectes d'importance en Afrique tropicale et à
Madagascar. Agronomie Tropicale 15: 624–656.
Rousse, P. & Villemant, C. 2012.
Ichneumons in Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) species, including 15 new taxa and a key to species.
Zootaxa 3278: 1–57.
Sithole, R. & Lohr, B. 2017. Intra- and interspecific
competition in two congeneric parasitoids of the diamondback moth.
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 163: 272–280. doi:10.1111/eea.12586
Vas, Z. 2021.
First record of Cymodusa Holmgren from the Afrotropical region with the
description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae).
Zootaxa 5067: 447–450.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5067.3.8
Yu D.S., van Achterberg, K.,
Horstmann, K. 2011.
World Ichneumonoidea 2011.
Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from
Vancouver, Canada: Taxapad.
www.taxapad.com
|
Credits
|
Photographs
© Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa) or
by Agnièle Touret-Alby © MNHN
(specimens database
http://coldb.mnhn.fr). |
|
Acaenitinae;
Anomaloninae;
Banchinae;
Brachycyrtinae;
Sisyrostolinae;
Campopleginae;
Cremastinae;
Cryptinae;
Ctenopelmatinae;
Diplazontinae;
Eucerotinae;
Ichneumoninae;
Lycorininae;
Mesochorinae;
Metopiinae;
Ophioninae;
Orthocentrinae;
Pimplinae;
Rhyssinae;
Tersilochinae;
Tryphoninae;
Xoridinae
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