|
Distribution |
Worldwide, but with highest species
richness in the Holarctic region. |
|
Biology |
Majority of species are ectoparasitoids of Symphyta larvae, but some
(including the very speciose Netelia) are ectoparasitoids of
Lepidoptera larvae. The eggs are attached to the host's cuticle by means
of a plug or anchor. |
|
Diversity |
1252 species in 59 genera
(Bennett, 2015). |
|
Diagnosis |
Clypeus convex and often large, separated from face by a groove, the
apical margin with a fringe of long parallel setae. Fore wing with
areolet usually closed. Metasomal tergite I with spiracle at or before
middle. Metasoma usually dorso-ventrally depressed (but laterally
compressed in Netelia). Ovipositor short, no longer than
metasomal apical height, without dorsal subapical notch (Rousse &
Villemant, 2012). |
|
References |
Bennett,
A.M.R. & Barnes, D.I.
2011.
Revision of the world species
of
Zambion (Hymenoptera,
Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae). Zookeys 159:
19-48.
Bennett, AMR. 2015. Revision of the world genera
of Tryphoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). American Entomological Institute
86: 1–387.
Benoit, P.L.G. 1955. Contributions
a l'etude de la faune entomologique de Ruanda-Urundi (Missions P. Basilewsky
1953). XXXVIII. Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae (Pars 1).
Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques 36: 329-346.
Benoit,
P.L.G. 1959. Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae (Banchinae, Bassinae, Pimplinae
and
Tryphoninae). South African Animal Life 6: 441-482.
Fitton,
M.G. and Gauld, I.D. 1976. The family-group names of the Ichneumonidae
(excluding Ichneumoninae) (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 1:247-258.
Förster,
A. 1869. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen
des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 25:
135-221.
Gravenhorst,
J.L.C. 1829. Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars II. Vratislaviae. 989 pp.
Kostro-Ambroziak, A.
2010. Phytodietus (Weisia) queenslandicus, a new species
from Australia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Annales Zoologici 60(4): 553–557.
Kostro-Ambroziak, A.
2011. Phytodietus (Weisia) pearlus sp. nov. from South Africa
(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Annales Zoologici
(Warszawa) 61(4): 803-805.
Rousse, P. & Villemant, C. 2012 .
Ichneumons in Reunion Island: a catalogue of the local
Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) species, including 15 new taxa and a key to species.
Zootaxa 3278: 1–57.
Seyrig,
A. 1935. Mission scientifique de l'Omo. Tome III. Fascicule 18.
Hymenoptera, II. Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae, Pimplinae, Tryphoninae et
Ophioninae. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
4: 1-100.
Yu, D. S, van
Achterberg, C. K. & K. Horstmann. 2011. World Ichneumonidae 2004. Taxonomy,
Biology, Morphology and Distribution. CD/DVD. Taxapad, Vancouver, Canada.
www.taxapad.com
|
Credits
|
Photographs © Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa) or
© Andrew Bennett & Diana Barnes (Zambion). |
|
Acaenitinae;
Anomaloninae;
Banchinae;
Brachycyrtinae;
Sisyrostolinae;
Campopleginae;
Cremastinae;
Cryptinae;
Ctenopelmatinae;
Diplazontinae;
Eucerotinae;
Ichneumoninae;
Lycorininae;
Mesochorinae;
Metopiinae;
Ophioninae;
Orthocentrinae;
Pimplinae;
Rhyssinae;
Tersilochinae;
Tryphoninae;
Xoridinae
|
|
