|
Biology |
Seed gall
inducer on Eucalyptus species, with the
Quadrastichodella
nova gall community on
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, also comprising
the parasitoids
Leprosa milga,
Megastigmus zebrinus
and a
Aprostocetus species (Klein et al, 2015). Oviposition is into young flower
buds transforming them into seed-like galls in the seed capsules
(Valentine, 1970). The origin of the gall was proven to be in the
placenta of one of the locules of a flower bud (Klein et al. 2015), and
not in a seed or ovule, as previously reported. |
|
References |
Ikeda, E. 1999. A revision of
the world species of Quadrastichodella Girault, with descriptions of four
new species (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). Insecta Matsumurana 55: 13-35.
Klein H, Hoffmann
JH, Neser S & Dittrich-Schroder G. 2015. Evidence that Quadrastichodella
nova (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is the only gall inducer among four
hymenopteran species associated with seed capsules of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) in South Africa. African Entomology 23:
207–223. doi: 10.4001/003.023.0117
La Salle, J. 1994. North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera:
Eulophidae). Journal of Natural History 28: 109-236.
Majer, J.D., Recher, H.F., Wellington A.B., Woinarski, J.C.Z. and Yen, A.L.
1997. Invertebrates of eucalypt formations. In: Eucalypt Ecology.
Individuals to Ecosystems (eds J.E. Williams and J.C.Z. Woinarski) pp. 278-302.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mansfield S. 2016.
New communities on eucalypts grown outside Australia. Frontiers in Plant
Science. 7: 1812. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01812. Valentine, E.W.
1970. A list of phytophagous Hymenoptera in New
Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 4: 52-62. |
