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Tetrastichinae

Tetrastichine wasps of Africa and Madagascar

(Life: Kingdom: Metazoa (animals); Phylum: Arthropoda; Class: Hexapoda; Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily: Chalcidoidea; Family: Eulophidae)

Classification

Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833  

 

Baryscapus Foerster, 1856

 

Benoitius Risbec, 1958

 

Ceratoneura Ashmead, 1894  

 

Citrostichus Bouček, 1988

 

Cryptastichus LaSalle, 1998  

Gallastichus Rasplus & La Salle, 2011

Henryana Yoshimoto, 1983

Leprosa Kim & La Salle, 2008
Leptocybe Fisher & La Salle, 2004
 

Melittobia Westwood, 1848  

 

Mestocharella Girault, 1913

Minotetrastichus Kostjukov, 1977
 

Neotrichoporoides Girault, 1913  

 

Nesolynx Ashmead, 1905

  Oomyzus Rondani, 1870
  Phymastichus LaSalle, 1990
Quadrastichodella Girault, 1913
Quadrastichus Girault, 1913
Selitrichodes Girault, 1913
  Sigmophora Rondani, 1867
  Tachinobia Bouček, 1977
  Tamarixia Mercet, 1924
 

Tetrastichomyia Girault, 1916  

 

Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844

Distribution

Worldwide.

Biology

Endoparasitoids of mainly lepidopteran, coleopteran or dipteran eggs, larvae or pupae, but they are also associated with at least ten other insect orders, including larvae of thrips (Thysanoptera); a number of species are phytophagous, or are predators of gall-mites or nematodes.

References

Burks, R.A., Heraty, J.M., Gebiola, M. & Hansson, C. 2011. Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae. Cladistics, 27, 581–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00358.x 

Bush, S.J., Slippers, B., Neser, S., Harney, M., Dittrich-Schröder, G., Hurley, B.P., 2016.
Six recently recorded Australian insects associated with eucalyptus in South Africa. African Entomology 24: 539–544.

Bush, S.J., Dittrich-Schröder, G., Neser, S., Gevers, C., Baffoe, K.O., Slippers, B., Hurley,
B.P., 2017
. First record of Quadrastichus mendeli, a parasitoid of Leptocybe invasa, South Africa. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 80: 275-277.

https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2017.1318347

Costa, V.A., Berti Filho, E., Wilcken, C.F., Stape, J.L., La Salle, J. & Teixeira, L. de D. 2008. Eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Brazil: New forest pest reaches the New World. Revista de Agricultura (Piracicaba), 83: 136-139.

CPBR, 2006. EUCLID eucalypts of Australia. CSIRO Publishing.

Csóka, G.N., Stone, G. & Melika, G. 2017. Non-native gall-inducing insects on forest trees: a global review. Biological Invasions 19: 3161–3181.
De Marzo, L., 2016
. Reperti di calcidoidei dell’eucalipto in Basilicata e Puglia (Hymenoptera Eulophidae; Torymidae). Entomologica 40, 5–17.
Delvare, G. & LaSalle, J. 2000. Trisecodes gen. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Entedoninae), the first eulophid with three tarsal segments. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 9 (2), 305–312.

Dittrich-Schröder, G., 2014. Molecular ecology and management of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in South Africa, pp. 1–163.

Dittrich-Schröder, G., Wingfield, M. J., Hurley, B. P. & Slippers, B. 2012. Diversity in Eucalyptus susceptibility to the gall-forming wasp Leptocybe invasa. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 14: 419–427. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2012.00583.x

Dittrich-Schröder, G., Harney, M., Neser, S., Joffe, T., Bush, S., Hurley, B.P., Wingfield,
M.J., Slippers, B. 2014
. Biology and host preference of Selitrichodes neseri: A potential biological control agent of the Eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa. Biol. Control 78, 33–41.
Dittrich-Schröder, G., Hoareau, T.B., Hurley, B.P., Wingfield, M.J., Lawson, S., Nahrung,
H.F., Slippers, B. 2018
. Population genetic analyses of complex global insect invasions in managed landscapes: a Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera) case study. Biological Control 20:
2395–2420.
Doganlar, M. 1993. Notes on the species of Neotrichoporoides Girault, 1913, with descriptions of some new species from Ghana and Turkey (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae). Entomofauna, Zeitschrift für Entomologie. 14(23): 369-380.
Doǧanlar M. 2015. Diagnosis of Megastigmus spp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) reared from galls of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & Lasalle, 2004, (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae), with description of a new species from South Africa. Entomofauna-Zeitschrift für Entomologie 36: 561–580.

Gevers, C.R., Dittrich-Schröder, G., Slippers, B. and Hurley, B.P. 2020. Interactions between hymenopteran species associated with gall-forming wasps: the Leptocybe invasa community as a case study. Agricultural and Forest Entomology https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12413

Gibson G.A.P. 1993. Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.

Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1987. A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 55(1): 1-392.

Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J., Munro, J., Rasplus, J.-Y., Delvare, G., Janšta, P., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J., Woolley, J.B., Krogmann, L., Heydon, S., Polaszek, A., Schmidt, S., Darling, D.C., Gates, M.W., Mottern, J., Murray, E., Dal Molin, A., Triapitsyn, S., Baur, H., Pinto, J.D., van Noort, S., George, J. & Yoder, M. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics, 29, 466–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006

Huang, Z., Li, J., Lu,W. & Yang, Z. 2018. Parasitoids of the Eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe spp.: a global review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25: 29983–29995.

Kelly, J., La Salle, J., Harney, M., Dittrich-Schröder & Hurley, B. 2012. Selitrichodes neseri n. sp., a new parasitoid of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). Zootaxa 3333: 50-57.

Kim, I.K. & La Salle, J. 2008. A new genus and species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) inducing galls in seed capsules of Eucalyptus. Zootaxa 1745: 63–68.

Kim, I.-K., Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Blumberg, D. & La Salle, J. 2008. Taxonomy, biology and efficacy of two Australian parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). Zootaxa 1910: 1-20.

Klein, H. 2009. Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with galls in seed-capsules of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) in South Africa: species composition, trophic relationships and effects. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Kostjukov V.V. 1977. Stravnitel’naya morfologiya khal’tsid podsem. Tetrastichinae i sistema roda Tetrastichus Haliday 1844 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) [in Russian]. Entomologicheskoe Obozreniye 56: 177-194.

La Salle, J. 1993. Aprostocetus (Ootetrastichus) theioneurus (Masi) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): a hyperparasitoid on the cereal stem borer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Africa. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 67: 445-451.

La Salle J., Schauff M.E. 1994. Systematics of the tribe Euderomphalini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): parasitoids of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Systematic Entomology 19: 235-258.

Masi, L. 1917. Chalcididae of the Seychelles islands. (With an appendix by J.J.Kieffer.) Novitates Zoologicae 24:121-330.

Mansfield S. 2016. New communities on eucalypts grown outside Australia. Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 1812. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01812.

Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Fisher, N. & La Salle, J. 2004. The taxonomy and natural history of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) gen & sp. nov., an invasive gall inducer on Eucalyptus. Australian Journal of Entomology 43: 101–113.

Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., La Salle, J., Blumberg, D., Brand, D. & Branco, M. 2017. Classical biological control of two Eucalyptus gall wasps; main outcome and conclusions. Biological Control 105: 66–78.

Murphy S., La Salle J. 1999. Balancing biological control strategies in the IPM of New World invasive Liriomyza leafminers in field vegetable crops. Biocontrol News and Information 20: 91-104.

Munro, J.B., Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Hawks, D., Mottern, J., Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.-Y. & Jansta, P. 2011. A Molecular Phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS ONE, 6 (11), e27023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027023

Nugnes, F., Gebiola, M., Monti, M.M., Gualtieri, L., Giorgini, M., Wang, J. & Bernardo, U. 2015. Genetic diversity of the invasive gall wasp Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and of its Rickettsia endosymbiont, and associated sex-ratio differences. PLoS One 10: 1–20.

Otieno, B.A., Nahrung, H.F. & Steinbauer, M.J. 2019. Where did you come from? Where did you go? Investigating the origin of invasive Leptocybe species using distribution modelling. Forests 10: 115.

Polaszek, A. & LaSalle, J. 1995. The hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae) of cereal stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Pyralidae) in Africa. African Entomology 3(2): 131-146.

Protasov, A., Doğanlar, M., La Salle, J., Mendel, Z. 2008. Occurrence of two local Megastigmus species parasitic on the Eucalyptus gallwasp Leptocybe invasa in Israel and Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 36(5): 449-459.

Risbec, J. 1951. 1. Les Chalcidoides de l'Afrique occidentale française. Mémoires de l'Institute Français d'Afrique Noire, Ifan-Dakar 13: 7-409.

Schulten, G.G.M. & Feijen, H.T. 1983. A redescription of Tetrastichus diopsisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a pupal parasitoid of Diopsis macrophthalma (Diptera: Diaspididae), and data on its parasitism in Malawi. Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam. 43: 76-80.
Schulten, G.G.M. & Feijen, H.T. 1984. New Tetrastichus species, parasitoids of Diopsidae (Diptera) in Cameroon. I. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam. 44: 57-61.
Schulten, G.G.M. & Feijen, H.T. 1984. New Tetrastichus species, parasitoids of Diopsidae (Diptera) in Cameroon. II. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam. 44:87-90.

van Noort, S. & Picker, M. 2011. Wasps, Bees, Ants. Class Insecta, Order Hymenoptera. Pp 140-146. In:  Picker, M. & Griffiths, C. (eds.) Alien & Invasive Animals. A South African perspective. Struik Nature.

Zheng, X.L., Li, J., Yang, Z.D. et al. 2014. A review of invasive biology, prevalence and management of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). African Entomology 22: 68–79.

Credits

Photographs © Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa).


Web author Simon van Noort (Iziko South African Museum)

 

Citation: van Noort, S. 2024. WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the World. URL: www.waspweb.org (accessed on <day/month/year>).

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