 |
Phasgonophora Westwood
(Life:
Kingdom: Metazoa (animals);
Phylum: Arthropoda;
Class: Hexapoda;
Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily:
Chalcidoidea; Family:
Chalcididae; Subfamily: Chalcidinae; Tribe:
Phasgonophorini)
Phasgonophora
Westwood, 1832: 432. Type species:
Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood, 1832, by monotypy.
Phasganophora [sic] subg. Trigonura Sichel, 1866:
358−376. Type species: Phasganophora (Trigonura)
crassicauda Sichel, 1866, by monotypy. Synonymy bu
Gul et al. 2020.
Trigonura Kirby, 1883: 54, 59–60 (raised to genus level).
Synonymy by Gul et al. 2020.
Bactrochalcis Kieffer, 1912: 463. Type species:
Bactrochalcis reticulata Kieffer, by monotypy. Synonymized with Trigonura
by Steffan, 1951: 147. Synonymy by Gul et al. 2020.
Centrochalcis Cameron, 1913: 92. Type species: Centrochalcis
ruficaudis Cameron, by monotypy. Synonymized with Trigonura by
Waterston, 1922: 10. Synonymy by Gul et al. 2020.
Centrochalcidea Gahan & Fagan, 1923. Replacement name for
Centrochalcis Cameron, 1913, nec Cameron, 1905. Synonymy by Gul et
al. 2020.
Chalcidellia Girault, 1924: 3. Type species: Chalcis euthyrrhini
Dodd, 1921, by original designation. Synonymized with Trigonura by Bouček,
1988: 63−64. Synonymy by Gul et al. 2020.
Urochalcis Nikol’skaya, 1952: 91. Type species: Urochalcis ninae
Nikol’skaya, 1952, by original designation. Synonymized with Trigonura by
Nikol’skaya, 1960: 90. Synonymy by Gul et al. 2020.
Trigonurella Bouček, 1988: 64. Type species: Trigonurella elegans
Bouček, 1988, by original designation. Synonymy by Gul et al. 2020.
Muhabbetella Koçak & Kemal, 2008: 3. Replacement name for Trigonurella
Bouček, 1988 nec Trigonurella Maa, 1963. Synonymy by Gul et al.
2020.
 |
|
Distribution |
Worldwide. |
|
Biology |
Parasitoids of buprestids and scolytid beetles (USDA,
Systematics Entomology Laboratory website). |
|
References |
Cameron, P. 1905, On the
Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum. (Third paper) Record of the Albany
Museum 1: 297-314.
Cameron, P. 1907,
Descriptions of species of parasitic Hymenoptera, chiefly in the
collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town. (Second paper)
Annals of the South African Museum 5: 203-225.
Cruaud, A., Delvare, G., Nidelet, S., Sauné, L., Ratnasingham, S.,
Chartois, M., Blaimer, B.B., Gates, M., Brady, S.G., Faure, S., van
Noort, S., Rossi, J.-P. and Rasplus, J.-Y. 2020. Ultra-Conserved
Elements and morphology reciprocally illuminate conflicting phylogenetic
hypotheses in Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Cladistics
37: 1-35.
doi:10.1111/cla.12416 https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12416
Delvare, G. 2017. Order Hymenoptera, family Chalcididae.
Arthropod fauna of the UAE 6: 229-232.
Gibson G.A.P. 1993. Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655).
In
GOULET, H. & HUBER,
J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families.
Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.
Gul MA, Soliman AM, Gadallah NS, Al Dhafer HM, Delvare G 2020.
The genus Phasgonophora Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) in
Saudi Arabia: re-evaluation of its limits and description of three new species.
Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76: 1-38.
https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.38340
Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P.,
Liljeblad, J., Munro, J., Rasplus, J.-Y., Delvare, G., Janšta, P., Gumovsky, A.,
Huber, J., Woolley, J.B., Krogmann, L., Heydon, S., Polaszek, A., Schmidt, S.,
Darling, D.C., Gates, M.W., Mottern, J., Murray, E., Dal Molin, A., Triapitsyn,
S., Baur, H., Pinto, J.D., van Noort, S., George, J. & Yoder, M. 2013. A
phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera).
Cladistics 29: 466–542.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006
Kieffer, J.J. 1912. Description de deux
nouveaux chalcidides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France.
80:463-466.
Klug, F. 1834. Pars zoologica. Insecta. (In: Ehrenberg,
C.G., 1829-1845.) Symbolae physicae, seu icones et descriptiones
corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum, etc. Dec.:i-v, 50
plates. Berlin.
Sichel, J. 1866. Etudes hyménoptèrologiques. II.
Essai d'une monographie des genres Phasgonophora Westwood et
Conura Spinola. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (4)
5(4):345-396.
Westwood, J.O. 1832. Descriptions of several new
British forms amongst the parasitic hymenopterous insects.
Philosophical Magazine (3) 1: 127-129. |
Credits
|
Photographs © Bob Copeland
(ICIPE), or photographs ©
Bruce Blake. |
|
