Biology
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Endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Arctiidae, Brachodidae, Lymantridae,
Noctuidae , Pyralidae, Tortricidae), including the pest species Chilo
orichalcociliellus (Strand), C. partellus (Swinhoe), C.
suppressalis (Walker), Diatraea saccharalis (Fab.), Procerata
sacchariphaga (Bojer), and Sesamia calamistis Hampson. Introduced as
biocontrol agents of sugarcane borers in Madagascar (1961), Mauritius and
Reunion (dates of releases unknown) (Kfir et al. 2002). |
Distribution
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Afrotropical region:
Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius,
Reunion, Tanzania, Uganda. Also Indo-Australasian,
Neotropical, Nearctic & Palaeartic regions.
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References
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Austin, A.D. & Dangerfield, P.C.
1992. Synopsis of Australian Microgasterinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a
key to genera and a description of new taxa. Invertebrate Taxonomy 6:1-76.
Kfir, R., Overholt, W.A., Khan, Z.R. & Polaszek, A. 2002. Biology and management
of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa. Annual
Review of Entomology, 47, 701–731.
Mason, W.R.M.. 1981. The polyphyletic nature of
Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and
reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological
Society of Canada. No. 115. 147pp.
Nixon, G.E.J. 1965. A reclassification of the
tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the
British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series. Supplement
2:1-284.
Risbec, J. 1951. Les Microgasterinae de l'Afrique occidentale francaise.
Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 13,411–473.
Rousse, P. & Gupta A. 2013.
Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Reunion Island: a catalogue
of the local species, including 18 new taxa and a key to species.
Zootaxa 3616 (6): 501–547.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.6.1
Shenefelt, R.D. 1972. Braconidae
4. Microgasterinae Apanteles. Hymenopterorum Catalogus, Pars 7:429-668.
Shenefelt, R.D.
1973. Braconidae
5. Microgasterinae amd Ichneutinae. Hymenopterum Catalogus, Pars 9:669-812.
Whitfield, J.B., Mardulyn, P., Austin, A.D. & Dowton, M. 2002. Phylogenetic
relationships among microgastrine braconid wasp genera based on data from the
16S, COI and 28S genes and morphology. Systematic Entomology, 27,
337–359.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00183.x
Yu D.S., van Achterberg K., Horstmann K. 2011. World Ichneumonoidea 2011.
Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from
Vancouver, Canada: Taxapad.
www.taxapad.com
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