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Apanteles
Förster
of the Afrotropical region
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(Life:
Kingdom: Metazoa (animals); Phylum:
Arthropoda; Class:
Hexapoda;
Order: Hymenoptera;
Superfamily:
Ichneumonoidea; Family:
Braconidae; Subfamily: Microgastrinae)
Apanteles
Förster, 1862. Type species: Microgaster obscurus Nees,
1834, by original designation and monotypy.
Urogaster Ashmead, 1898: 166. Type species: Urogaster vulgaris
Ashmead, 1898, by subsequent designation (Viereck 1914).
Holcapanteles Cameron, 1905: 44. Type species: Holcapanteles
sulciscutis Cameron, 1905, by monotypy. Synonymy by Fernandez-Triana et al
2020.
Xestapanteles Cameron, 1910: 447. Type species: Xestapanteles
latiannulatus Cameron, 1910, by monotypy.
Cecidobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen, 1910: 436. Type species:
Cecidobracon asphondyliae Kieffer & Jörgensen, 1910, by monotypy. Synonymy
by Fernandez-Triana et al 2020.
Allapanteles Brčthes, 1915: 404. Type species: Allapanteles cecidiptae
Brčthes, 1915, by monotypy.
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Apanteles
abdera Nixon,
1965 (Cape Verde Islands, South Africa)
Apanteles
acaciae
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal) (This
species is probably not an Apanteles, but the original
description, based on a single male specimen, is not clear enough to
determine the correct generic placement - Fernandez-Triana et al.
2020)
Apanteles
acoris Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
acutissimus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
adreus Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles afer
Wilkinson,
1932 (Uganda)
Apanteles
agatillus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles agrus
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
alaspharus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
alastor
de Saeger,
1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
anatole
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
angaleti
Muesebeck, 1956
(Kenya. Also Oriental region: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan,
Vietnam, Palaearctic region: Iraq)
Apanteles
angulatus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
anthozelae
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
antilla
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
arachidis
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
Apanteles arion
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
arsanes
Nixon, 1965 (Kenya)
Apanteles
articas
Nixon, 1965 (Senegal.
Also Palaearctic
region: Israel, Tunisia,
Turkey)
Apanteles
arundinariae
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
Apanteles
atrocephalus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles baoli
Risbec,
1951 (Senegal)
Apanteles
bauhiniae
Risbec,
1951
(Senegal)
(This species is
probably not an Apanteles, but the original description is
not clear enough to determine the correct generic placement -
Fernandez-Triana et al. 2020)
Apanteles
bellatulus
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
bitalensis
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
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Apanteles
bordagei
Giard, 1902
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Réunion,
Tanzania)
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Apanteles
bredoi de Saeger,
1941 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal)
Apanteles brevimetacarpus Hedqvist, 1965 (Cape Verde. Also
Palaearctic region: Tunisia)
Apanteles
burunganus
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
caesar Wilkinson,
1938 (Namibia, South Africa)
Apanteles
camirus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
carpatus
(Say, 1836) (Democratic
Republic of Congo, Ghana, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania. Also
Australasian region: Australia, Fiji, Hawaiian Islands, New Zealand;
Nearctic region: Canada, USA; Neotropical region: Argentina,
Bermuda, Brazil, Cuba, Grenada, Peru, Puerto Rico; Oriental region:
China, Malaysia, Vietnam; Palaearctic region: Armenia, Croatia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
United Kingdom, Uzbekistan)
Apanteles cato
de
Saeger, 1944 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
Apanteles
chalcomelas
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
characomae
Risbec, 1951 (Ivory
Coast)
Apanteles
cingulicornis
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
coilus Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
conspicabilis
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
Apanteles
coxalis
Szépligeti, 1911
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania)
Apanteles
curvicaudatus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
cyprioides
Nixon, 1965 (South Africa.
Oriental region: China, Philippines, Singapore)
Apanteles
decoloratus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles dido
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
diourbeli
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
Apanteles
drupes Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
eublemmae
Nixon, 1965 (Kenya,
South Africa, Tanzania)
Apanteles
eupolis
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
eurytergis
de Saeger, 1941
(Cape Verde Islands, Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
evadnix
Shenefelt, 1972
(Uganda)
Apanteles
evansi Nixon,
1971 (Cape Verde Islands, Kenya)
Apanteles faustina
Nixon, 1965 (Mauritius) |
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Apanteles
fontinalis
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Réunion, Rwanda)
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Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson, 1932
(Mauritius, Réunion. Also Australasian region: Hawaiian Islands,
New Zealand; Nearctic region: Canada, USA; Neotropical region:
Argentina, Brazil; Oriental region: China, India, Pakistan; Palaearctic region:
Armenia, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan,
Malta, Romania, Russia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom) |
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Apanteles
gandoensis
de Saeger, 1944
(Rwanda)
Apanteles
ghesquierei
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal)
Apanteles
gitebe de Saeger,
1944 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
halfordi
Ullyett, 1946
(South Africa)
Apanteles
hapaliae
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
hebrus Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apantele
s
hellulae
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
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Apanteles
hemara
Nixon, 1965 (Cape Verde Islands, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius,
Republic of Congo, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Africa, Yemen.
Also Australian, Oriental and Palaearctic regions) |
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Apanteles
hersilia
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles holmgreni
Shenefelt, 1972 (Mauritius)
Apanteles
hyalinatus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
inaron Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
insignicaudatus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles ione
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
isander
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa. Oriental region: Vietnam)
Apanteles
ivondroensis
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
kivuensis
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
langenburgensis
Szépligeti, 1911
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Rwanda,
Senegal, Tanzania)
Apanteles
latiannulatus
(Cameron, 1910)
(Mozambique)
(This species is
probably not an Apanteles, the two known specimens are in too
poor a condition to establish generic affiliations - Fernandez-Triana
et al. 2020)
Apanteles laxus
de
Saeger, 1944 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles linus
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
liopleuris
Szépligeti, 1914
(Tanzania)
Apanteles
longistylus
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
Apanteles
luteocinctus
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
Apanteles
lycidas
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
medioexcavatus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
medioimpressus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles menes
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
meriones
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
metellus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
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Apanteles
minatchy
Rousse & Gupta,
2013
(Reunion) |
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Apanteles
montanus
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
(This species is
probably not an Apanteles, but the original description is
not clear enough to determine the correct generic placement -
Fernandez-Triana et al. 2020)
Apanteles
mutilia
Nixon, 1965 (Sudan)
Apanteles
mycerinus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa. Oriental region: Vietnam)
Apanteles
navius Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
nemesis
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles nepe
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
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Apanteles
nigrofemoratus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar, Reunion) |
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Apanteles
nitidus
de Saeger, 1944
(Rwanda)
Apanteles
nivellus
Nixon, 1965 (Ghana)
Apanteles
novatus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles nycon
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
olorus Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
orientalis
Szépligeti, 1913
(Tanzania. Oriental region: India)
Apanteles
oroetes
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles oscus
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
paralus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
parsodes
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
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Apanteles
pashmina
Rousse,
2013 (Reunion) |
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Apanteles
patens Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
pentagonius
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
phtorimoeae
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
Apanteles
prosopis
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
Apanteles
pyrodercetus
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo)
Apanteles
racilla
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
raesus Nixon,
1965 (South Africa)
Apanteles
rhipheus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
risbeci
de Saeger, 1942
(Senegal)
Apanteles robustus
Hedqvist, 1965 (Cape Verde) |
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Apanteles romei
Rousse, 2013
(Reunion) |
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Apanteles
rosaces
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles rufithorax
Hedqvist, 1965 (Cape Verde)
Apanteles
rutilans
Nixon, 1965 (Kenya.
Oriental region: Vietnam)
Apanteles
saegeri
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
Apanteles sagax
Wilkinson,
1929 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory
Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda)
Apanteles
schoutedeni
de Saeger, 1941
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Senegal)
Apanteles
seyrigi
Wilkinson, 1936
(Madagascar)
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Apanteles sodalis (Haliday, 1834) (Cape Verde; Nearctic region:
Canada; Oriental region: China; Palaearctic region: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia,
Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom)
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Apanteles sosis
Nixon,
1965 (South Africa. Oriental region: Vietnam)
Apanteles
subaltus
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
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Apanteles
subandinus
Blanchard, 1947
(Reunion,
South Africa. Also Australian region: Australia, New Zealand. Neotropical region: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay) |
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Apanteles
subrugosus
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
syleptae
Ferričre, 1925
(Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo)
Apanteles
sylvaticus
de Saeger, 1944
(Rwanda)
Apanteles
talinum
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
Apanteles tiapi
Risbec,
1951 (Senegal)
Apanteles
triareus
Nixon, 1965 (South
Africa)
Apanteles
tricoloripes
Granger, 1949
(Madagascar)
Apanteles
trochanteratus
Szépligeti, 1911
(Senegal, Tanzania)
Apanteles
uroxys de Saeger,
1941 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal)
Apanteles
valvatus
de Saeger, 1944
(Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda)
Apanteles vivax
de
Saeger, 1944 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
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Apanteles wanei
Risbec,
1951 (Senegal)
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Apanteles
xanthostigma
(Haliday, 1834) (Uganda.
Also Nearctic region: Canada; Palaearctic region: Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Faroe
Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira Islands, Moldova, Mongolia,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United
Kingdom)
Apanteles
xerophila
Risbec, 1951
(Senegal)
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Apanteles species (South
Africa) |
Biology
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Solitary or gregararious
endoparasitoids (koinobiont) of Lepidoptera larvae. |
Distribution
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Worldwide.
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References
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Austin, A.D. & Dangerfield, P.C.
1992. Synopsis of Australian Microgasterinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a
key to genera and a description of new taxa. Invertebrate Taxonomy 6:1-76.
Fernandez-Triana, J & Boudreault, C. 2018.
Seventeen new genera of microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
from tropical areas of the world. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 64:
25-140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.64.25453
Fernandez-Triana, J & van Achterberg, C. 2017.
Order Hymenoptera, family Braconidae Subfamily Microgastrinae from the
Arabian Peninsula. Arthropod fauna of the UAE 6: 275–321.
Fernandez-Triana J, Beaudin M, van Achterberg K, Agbodzavu MK,
Othim STO, Nyamu FW, Fiaboe KKM. 2017.
DNA barcodes, expanded distribution, and redescription of Apanteles hemara
Nixon, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biocontrol
species against amaranth leaf-webbers in Africa. Journal of Hymenoptera
Research 58: 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.58.13361
Fernandez-Triana J, Shaw MR, Boudreault C,
Beaudin M, Broad GR 2020.
Annotated and illustrated world checklist of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps
(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). ZooKeys 920: 1-1089.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.920.39128
Mason, W.R.M.. 1981. The polyphyletic nature of
Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and
reclassification of Microgastrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological
Society of Canada. No. 115. 147pp.
Nixon, G.E.J. 1965. A reclassification of the
tribe Microgasterini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the
British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series. Supplement
2:1-284.
Risbec, J. 1951. Les Microgasterinae de l'Afrique occidentale francaise.
Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 13,411–473.
Rousse, P. & Gupta A. 2013.
Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Reunion Island: a catalogue
of the local species, including 18 new taxa and a key to species.
Zootaxa 3616 (6): 501–547.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.6.1
Shenefelt, R.D. 1972. Braconidae
4. Microgasterinae Apanteles. Hymenopterorum Catalogus, Pars 7:429-668.
Shenefelt, R.D.
1973. Braconidae
5. Microgasterinae amd Ichneutinae. Hymenopterum Catalogus, Pars 9:669-812.
Whitfield, J.B., Mardulyn, P., Austin, A.D. & Dowton, M. 2002. Phylogenetic
relationships among microgastrine braconid wasp genera based on data from the
16S, COI and 28S genes and morphology. Systematic Entomology, 27,
337–359.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00183.x
Wilkinson, D.S. 1932. A revision of the Ethiopian species of the genus
Apanteles (Hym. Bracon.). Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London, 80, 301–344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1932.tb03312.x
Yu D.S., van Achterberg K., Horstmann K. 2011. World Ichneumonoidea 2011.
Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Available from
Vancouver, Canada: Taxapad.
www.taxapad.com
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Credits
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Photographs © Pascal Rousse or Simon van Noort (Iziko
Museums of South Africa) or © Jose Fernandez-Triana (Canadian National
Collection of Insects, Ottawa). |
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