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Zagrammosoma Westwood
(Life:
Kingdom: Metazoa (animals);
Phylum: Arthropoda;
Class: Hexapoda;
Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily: Chalcidoidea;
Family: Eulophidae; Subfamily:
Eulophinae)
Hippocephalus Ashmead, 1888: 7. Type
species: Hippocephalus multilineatus Ashmead; by monotypy.
Zagrammosoma Ashmead, 1904: 354. Replacement name for Hippocephalus
Ashmead, preoccupied by Hippocephalus Swainson, 1839, later recognized as
a junior synonym of Percis Scopoli, 1777 (Scorpaeniformes: Agonidae).
Zagrammatosoma Schulz, 1906: 142. Unjustified emendation. Corrected by
Bouček, 1959: 172.
Mirzagrammosoma Girault, 1915: 279. Type species Mirzagrammosoma
lineaticeps Girault; by monotypy. Synonymy by La-Salle, 1989: 232. |
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Distribution |
Worldwide, but most species rich in the New
World, particularly the Nearctic (Perry and Heraty,
2021). |
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Biology |
Mainly parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of leafminers, or
of other small sheltered larvae or pupae. Some species are egg
parasitoids (Boucek, 1988). |
Diagnosis
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Zagrammosoma
is characterized by a combination of 3 characters: vaulted vertex that extends
above the compound eyes, notaulus curving to meet the axilla and never reaching
or approaching the posterior margin of the mesoscutum, and median carina on the
propodeum present. Species that are mostly yellow in color generally have dark
lines between sclerites, especially along the notaulus, axilla, mesoscutellum,
and prepectus. Zagrammosoma is most similar to Cirrospilus and
Burkseus; however, these 2 genera both possess a notaulus that is complete
and extends to the posterior margin of the mesoscutum. Burkseus and some
species of Cirrospilus (C. ambiguus, C. margiscutellum) also lack
a median carina on the propodeum. Pseudiglyphus Girault have a notaulus
that curves to meet the axilla, but lack a vaulted vertex, and are drab brown in
coloration, with hyaline wings (Perry and Heraty, 2021). |
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References |
Boucek, Z. 1988.
Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of
genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. pp.
832pp. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, U.K., Cambrian News Ltd;
Aberystwyth, Wales.
Perry RK, Heraty JM. 2021.
Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps,
Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of
eleven new species. Zootaxa 4916: 1–108. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4916.1.1
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Credits
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Photographs
© Ryan K. Perry (University of California, Riverside).
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