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Palarus Latreille
(Life:
Kingdom: Metazoa (animals);
Phylum: Arthropoda;
Class: Hexapoda; Order:
Hymenoptera; Superfamily:
Apoidea; Family:
Crabronidae; Subfamily: Crabroninae; Tribe:
Palarini)
Palarus Latreille, 1802. Type species:
Tiphia flavipes Fabricius, 1793 [= Palarus rufipes Latreille, 1812],
junior secondary homonym of Palarus flavipes (Fabricius, 1781), by
monotypy.
Gonius Panzer, 1806. Type species: Philanthus flavipes (Fabricius,
1804) [= Crabro flavipes Fabricius, 1781 = Tiphia variegata
Fabricius, 1781], by monotypy.
Gonius Jurine, 1807. Junior homonym of Gonius Panzer, 1806.
Type species: Philanthus flavipes (Fabricius, 1793 [= Crabro
flavipes Fabricius, 1781 = Tiphia variegata Fabricius, 1781], by
monotypy.
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Palarus ambustus Klug,
1845 (Algeria, Egypt, Turkey)
Palarus ambustus almeriensis
Gayubo, Asís, and Tormos, 1992 (Spain)
Palarus arabicus Pulawski,
2008 (Saudi Arabia)
Palarus bernardi de
Beaumont, 1949 (Libya)
Palarus bisignatus
Morawitz, 1890 (Iran, Kazakhstan, Oman, Turkmenistan, Saudi
Arabia, United Arab Emirates)
Palarus comberi R.
Turner, 1911 (India, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United
Arab Emirates)
Palarus confusus R.
Turner, 1911(Algeria, Libya)
Palarus dongalensis Klug,
1845 (Egypt, Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, United Arab
Emirates)
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Palarus fulviventris
Latreille, 1812 (Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan,
Libya, Oman, Russia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates,
Uzbekistan)
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Palarus funerarius
Morawitz, 1889 (China, Greece, India, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan)
Palarus furtivus Pulawski
and Prentice, 2008 (Namibia)
Palarus gao Pulawski and
Prentice, 2008 (Mali)
Palarus gynaecotrichus
Pulawski and Prentice, 2008 (Togo)
Palarus hastatifrons R.
Turner, 1919 (Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco)
Palarus histrio Spinola,
1839 (Iran, Israel, Jordan, North Africa, Kazakhstan, Saudi
Arabia, United Arab Emirates)
Palarus inexpectatus
Pulawski, 2016 (United Arab Emirates)
Palarus interruptus (Fabricius,
1787) (India, Sri Lanka)
Palarus jaxartes Pulawski
and Prentice, 2008 (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan)
Palarus klugi Menke in R.
Bohart and Menke, 1976 (India)
Palarus laetus Klug, 1845
(Benin, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gambia, India,
Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, North
Africa, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan,
Togo, United Arab Emirates)
Palarus latifrons Kohl,
1884 (Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Saudi Arabia,
South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia)
Palarus maculatus Dahlbom,
1845 (Namibia, South Africa)
Palarus maculatus nigrior
Arnold, 1923 (Botswana, Zimbabwe)
Palarus nama Pulawski and
Prentice, 2008 (Namibia, South Africa)
Palarus obesus Arnold,
1951 (Mauritania)
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Palarus occidentalis
Arnold, 1929 (Namibia)
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Palarus oneili Brauns,
1899 (Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa)
Palarus parvulus de
Beaumont, 1949 (Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Oman, United
Arab Emirates)
Palarus pentheri Brauns,
1899 (Namibia, South Africa)
Palarus pictiventris F.
Morawitz, 1890 (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan)
Palarus rufipes Latreille,
1812 (Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)
Palarus saundersi Morice,
1897 (Israel, Kuwait, North Africa, Saudi Arabia,
Turkmenistan)
Palarus turneri Brauns,
1912 (Namibia, South Africa)
Palarus variegatus (Fabricius,
1781) (widespread in Palaearctic region)
Palarus variegatus varius
Sickmann, 1894 (China, Russia, South Korea) |
Distribution
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Afrotropical, Oriental, Palaearctic regions. |
Biology
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Solitary predatory wasps, provisioning nest constructed in ground,
mostly with paralyzed
adult Hymenoptera and Diptera; pest of apiculture as preys on Apis
mellifera (Bohart & Menke, 1976). |
References
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Antropov, A.V. 1999.
A new genus of digger wasps of the tribe Oxybelini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae),
Crabroninae) from South Africa. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal. 78(9):1132-1136. [In
Russian. English translation: Entomological Review. 1999. 79(8):1055-1059.]
Antropov, A.V. 2007.
On the Taxonomy of South African Digger Wasps of the Tribe Oxybelini
(Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). Entmological Review 87: 413-430.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873807040045
Bohart, R.M. &
Menke, A. S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World: a
Generic Revision. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Brothers D.J. 1999. Phylogeny and
evolution of wasps, ants and bees (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Vespoidea and
Apoidea) Zoologica Scripta 28: 233–250.
Finnamore, A.T. & Michener, C.D. 1993. Superfamily Apoidea (pp.
279-357). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World:
an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture
Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.
Gadallah, NS. 2020.
Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the
Arabian Peninsula: Apoidea (Spheciformes), Crabronidae. Zootaxa
4754(1): 20–73.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.6
Gess, S.K. & Gess, F.W. 2014.
Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI
Biodiversity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute,
Pretoria. 320 pp. |
Links
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CATALOG OF WORLD SPHECIDAE
sensu lato (= Apoidea excluding bees) compiled by
Wojciech J. Pulawski (California Academy of Sciences). |
Credits
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Photographs © Iziko Museums of South Africa.
Map illustration
© Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa). |
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