Social, on occasion parasites or slave makers. Queen may be
replaced by laying workers. Larvae are raised by the workers who feed
them with animal or plant matter.
Reference
Brothers, D.J. &
Finnamore A.T. 1993. Superfamily Vespoidea (pp. 161-278). In GOULET, H. & HUBER,
J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families.
Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.
