Orussidae

Distribution

Angola, Benin, Botswana, Canary Islands, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe.

Palaearctic region: Algeria, Bulgaria, France, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan.

Worldwide, with greatest species richness in Africa. Species usually rare.

Biology

Parasitoids of wood-boring Coleoptera and Hymenoptera larvae.

References

Benson R.B. 1935. On the genera of Orussidae. With an account of the African species (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Occasional Papers of the Rhodesian Museum 4: 1-10.
Benson R.B. 1936. A new species of Moscarya Konow in Syria (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, B, 5 (1): 2-3.
Benson R.B. 1938. On the Australian Orussidae, with a Key to the Genera of the World (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11th series, 2 (7): 1-15.

Benson, R.B. 1955. Classification of the Orussidae with some new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 24: 13–23.

Blank S.M., Kraus M. & Taeger A. 2006. Orussus smithi sp. n. and notes on other West Palaearctic Orussidae (Hymenoptera). In: Blank S. M., Schmidt S. & Taeger A. (Eds.) Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, pp. 265–278.

Cameron, P. 1912. On the Hymenoptera from Belgian Congo in the Congo Museum, Tervuren. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 56: 357-401.

du Buysson, R. 1902. Hyménoptères nouveaux du Congo. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 8: 599-601.

Enslin, E. 1911. Über Tenthrediniden aus Afrika. Deutsches Entomologisches Zeitschrift 1911: 668-669.

Enslin, E. 1913. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition G. Tessmanns nach Süd-Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Mitteilungen des Zoologisches Museum Berlin 7: 104–114.

Goulet, H. 1993. Superfamilies Cephoidea, Megalodontoidea, Orussoidea, Siricoidea, Tenthredinoidea and Xyeloidea (pp. 101-129). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.

Guérin-Méneville F.É. [1849]. Insectes. In: Lefebvre C.T., Petit A., Quartin-Dillon R. & Vignaud 1847–1851. Voyage en Abyssinie, exécuté pendant les annés 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, par une Commission scientifique. 6 (4. Partie). Bertrand, Paris, pp. 243–398.

Guiglia, D. 1935. Un nuovo Orysside del Congo Belga. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 57: 6-11.

Guiglia D. 1935. Un nuovo Oryssidae africano. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 57: 273–280.
Guiglia D. 1936. Un nuovo Orisside dell’Africa meridionale (Hymen. Phytophaga). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 59: 136–144.
Guiglia D. 1936. Una nuova specie del gen. Chalinus (Hymen. Phytophaga). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 59: 260–266.
Guiglia, D. 1937. Su due specie di Chalinus del Congo (Hymen. Phytophaga). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 59: 363-369 + 1 plt.

Guiglia D. 1937. Gli Orussini Africani del gen. Chalinus (Hymen. Phytophaga). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 59: 452–460 + 1 plt.
Guiglia D. 1937. Il gen. Oryssus in Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 59: 411–419 + 2 plts.
Guiglia D. 1945. Catalogo degli Orissidi di tutto il Mondo. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 62: 85–111.
Guiglia D. 1954. Gli Orussidi d’Europa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 68: 1–20.

Guiglia D. 1956. Una nuova species di Pseudoryssus dell’Italia Settentrionale. Bolletino della Società Entomologica Italiana 86: 24–25.
Guiglia D. 1965. Orussidae. In: Ferrière C. & van der Vecht J. (eds) Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio). W. Junk, Gravenhage, The Netherlands, vol. 1: 18 pp.

Konow F.W. 1897. Systematische und kritische Bearbeitung der Siriciden-Tribus Oryssini. Természetrajzi Füzetek 20: 602–610.
Kraus M. 1998. Die Orussidae Europas und des Nahen Ostens (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). In: Taeger A. & Blank S.M. (Eds.) Pflanzenwespen Deutschlands (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Kommentierte Bestandsaufnahme. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, pp. 283–300.
Latreille P.A. 1811. Orysse. In: Olivier M, ed. Encyclopédie méthodique, Tome 8. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Paris, 557–561.

Mocsáry A. 1910. Über Orussus unicolor Latr. und eine nah verwandte neue Art aus Kroatien. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 8: 160–162.

Scopoli J.A. 1763. Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insect Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines genera, species, varietales methodo Linnaeana. Wien: I. T. Trattner.

Sharkey, M., 2007. Phylogeny and classification of Hymenoptera. Zootaxa 1668: 521–548.

Sharkey, M. J., Carpenter, J. M., Vilhelmsen, L., Heraty, J., Liljeblad, J., Dowling, A. P.G., Schulmeister, S., Murray, D., Deans, A. R., Ronquist, F., Krogmann, L. and Wheeler, W. C. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28: 80–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x

Taeger A., Blank S.M. & Liston A.D. 2006. European Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) – A Species Checklist for the Countries. In: Blank S.M., Schmidt S. & Taeger A. (eds.). Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, pp. 399–504.

Trautmann W. 1922. Ein neuer paläarktischer Oryssus (Hym.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift [1922]: 322–323.

Vilhelmsen, L. 2001. Systematic revision of the genera Chalinus Konow, 1897 and Mocsarya Konow, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 32: 361-380.

Vilhelmsen L, Isidoro N, Romani R, Basibuyuk HH, Quicke DLJ. 2001. Host location and oviposition in a basal group of parasitic wasps: the subgenual organ, ovipositor apparatus, and associated structures in the Orussidae (Hymenoptera, Insecta). Zoomorphology 121: 63–84.

Vilhelmsen, L. 2003. Phylogeny and classification of the Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), a basal parasitic wasp taxon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 337-418.

Vilhelmsen, L. 2004. The old wasp and the tree: fossils, phylogeny and biogeography in the Orussidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 139-160.

Vilhelmsen, L. 2007. The phylogeny of Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) revisited. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 65 (2): 111-118.

Vilhelmsen, L., Blank S.M., Liu, Z.-W. & Smith, D.R. 2014. Discovery of new species confirms Oriental origin of Orussus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 44: 1-41.

Vilhelmsen, L., Blank, S. M., Costa, V. A., Alvarenga, T. M., Smith, D. R. 2013. Phylogeny of the ophrynopine clade revisited: review of the parasitoid sawfly genera Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Invertebrate Systematics 27(4): 450–483. http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/IS13006.htm

Vilhelmsen, L., Blank S.M., Liu, Z.-W. & Smith, D.R. 2013. Discovery of new species confirms Oriental origin of Orussus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Orussidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 44: 1-41.

Vilhelmsen L, Blank SM, Sechi D, Ndiaye MM, Niang AA, Guisse A, van Noort S. 2017. The Orussidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Africa. Proceedings of the American Entomological Society 119: 879- 930. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.SpecialIssue.879

Credits

Photographs © Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa) or © Stephen M. Blank (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut).