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Tetracneminae

Tetracnemine wasps of the Afrotropical region

(Life: Kingdom: Metazoa (animals); Phylum: Arthropoda; Class: Hexapoda; Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily: Chalcidoidea; Family: Encyrtidae)

Classification

Aenasius Walker, 1846    
 

 

Alamella Agarwal, 1966

Allocerellus Silvestri, 1915    

Anagyrus Howard, 1896    

 

Anomalencyrtus Hayat & Verma, 1980

Anomalicornia Mercet, 1921

Apoleptomastix Kerrich, 1982

 

Blepyrus Howard, 1898

Callaincyrtus Prinsloo & Annecke, 1979

Callipteroma Motschulsky, 1863

Charitopus Förster, 1856

 

Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead, 1889

Cladiscodes Subba Rao, 1977

Clausenia Ishii, 1923     

 

Coccidoxenoides Girault, 1915

Cryptanusia Girault, 1917
 

Dusmetia Mercet, 1921

Gyranusoidea Compere, 1947     

Holcencyrtus Ashmead, 1900

Incisencyrtus Prinsloo, 1988

Leptomastidea Mercet, 1916 

Leptomastix Förster, 1856    

Manicnemus Hayat, 1981
 

Metaphaenodiscus Mercet, 1921

Monstranusia Trjapitzin, 1964

Neocharitopus Hayat, Alam & Agarwal, 1975

Neodusmetia Kerrich, 1964

Rhopus Förster, 1856

Tetracnemoidea Howard, 1898    

Tetracnemus Westwood, 1837    

Tropidophryne Compere, 1931

Distribution

Worldwide.

Biology

Parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of insect and arachnid eggs and larvae.

References

Annecke, D.P. & Insley, H.P. 1971, Catalogue of Ethiopian Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae. Entomology Memoir of the Department of Agricultural Technical Services of the Republic of South Africa 23: 1-53.

Cruaud A, Rasplus J-Y, Zhang J, Burks R, Delvare G, Fusu L, Gibson GAP, Gumovsky A, Hanson P, Huber JT, Janšta P, Mitroiu M-D, Noyes JS, van Noort S, Baker A, Böhmová J, Baur H, Blaimer BB, Brady SG, Bubeníková K, Chartois M, Copeland RS, Dale-Skey Papilloud N, Dal Molin A, Darling C, Dominguez C, Fisher N, Gates MW, Gebiola M, Guerrieri E, Haas M, Hansson C, Heydon S, Kresslein RL, Krogmann L, Moriarty Lemmon E, Mottern J, Murray E, Nidelet S, Nieves Aldrey JL, Perry R, Peters RS, Pinto JD, Polaszek A, Sauné L, Schmidt S, Torréns J, Triapitsyn S, Tselikh EV, Ubaidillah R, Yoder M, Lemmon A, Woolley JB, Heraty JM. 2024. The Chalcidoidea bush of life – Evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps. Cladistics 40: 34-63. http://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12561

Gibson G.A.P. 1993. Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.

Heraty, J.M., Burks, R.A., Cruaud, A., Gibson, G.A.P., Liljeblad, J., Munro, J., Rasplus, J.-Y., Delvare, G., Janšta, P., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J., Woolley, J.B., Krogmann, L., Heydon, S., Polaszek, A., Schmidt, S., Darling, D.C., Gates, M.W., Mottern, J., Murray, E., Dal Molin, A., Triapitsyn, S., Baur, H., Pinto, J.D., van Noort, S., George, J. & Yoder, M. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006

Howard, L.O. & Ashmead, W.H. 1896. On some reared parasitic hymenopterous insects from Ceylon. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18: 633-648.

Noyes, J.S. & Prinsloo, G.L. 1998, A review of the Afrotropical and Malagasy taxa of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) described by J. Risbec (1949-1959). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 34(1): 71-97.

Prinsloo, G.L. 1983, A parasitoid-host index of Afrotropical Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Entomology Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture, Republic of South Africa 60: 1-35.

Prinsloo, G.L. 1997, Parasitoids. Encyrtidae. World Crop Pests 7B:78-85

Prinsloo, G.L. & D.P. Annecke. 1979. A key to the genera of Encyrtidae from the Ethiopian region, with descriptions of three new genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 42: 349-382.

Credits

Photographs © Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums of South Africa), or © Vida van der Walt (Pretoria).


Web author Simon van Noort (Iziko South African Museum)

 

Citation: van Noort, S. 2024. WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the World. URL: www.waspweb.org (accessed on <day/month/year>).

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