(Life: Kingdom: Metazoa (animals); Phylum: Arthropoda; Class: Hexapoda; Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily: Apoidea; Family: Apidae; Subfamily: Xtylocopinae)
Worldwide.
Michener, C.D. 2000. The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. 953 pp.
Photograph of living Xylocopa © Simon van Noort (Iziko Museums).
Photograph of banner Xylocopa © Laurence Packer's website: Bee Tribes of the World
Web author Simon van Noort (Iziko South African Museum)
Copyright 2004-2012 Iziko Museums
