Allodapini - WaspWeb

Afrotropical Allodapini (Allodapine Bees)

(Life: Kingdom: Metazoa (animals); Phylum: Arthropoda; Class: Hexapoda; Order: Hymenoptera; Superfamily: Apoidea; Family: Apidae; Subfamily: Xylocopinae)

	Allodape Lepeletier and Serville, 1825
	Allodapula Cockerell, 1934
	Braunsapis Michener, 1969
	Compsomelissa Alfken, 1924
	Effractapis Michener, 1977
	Eucondylops Brauns, 1902
	Hasinamelissa Chenoweth and Schwarz, 2008
	Macrogalea Cockerell, 1930
	Nasurapis Michener, 1970

Distribution	Afrotropical, Australasian and Oriental regions.
Biology	Nest in hollow stems. Most species feed their larvae progressively. Arrangement of larvae and pupae within the nest varies according to genus. In Braunsapis and Allodape, the youngest larvae are at the bottom of the stem and the oldest above. Adults place food provisions on the venter of each larva. In Allodapula, the larvae are clustered together in a clump and feed from a common food mass. They may be simple subsocial species (each nest containing only a single bee with other adults rare) to nests that contain two or more adult females. Weak polymorphism is usually present. Workers do most of the foraging, while queens do not forage if workers are present. Workers usually do not mate.
References	Eardley, C & Urban, R. 2010. Catalogue of Afrotropical bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes). Zootaxa 2455: 1-548. Eardley, C, Finnamore, A.T. & Michener, C.D. 1993. Superfamily Apoidea (pp. 279-357). In GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Eardley C.,Kuhlmann M., Pauly A. 2010. The Bee Genera and Subgenera of sub-Saharan Africa. Abc Taxa vol 7: i-vi, 138 pp. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. Michener, C.D. 1970. Social parasites among African allodapine bees. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 49, 199–215. Michener, C.D. 1971. Biologies of African allodapine bees (Hymenoptera, Xylocopinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 145, 219–302. Michener, C.D. 1975. A taxonomic study of African allodapine bees. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 155, 67–240. Michener, C.D. 1977.Allodapine bees of Madagascar. American Museum Novitates, 2622, 1–47. Michener, C.D. 2000. The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. 953 pp. Schwarz, M.P., Bull, N.J. & Hogendoorn, K. 1998. Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: a review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution. Insectes Sociaux, 45, 349–368. Schwarz, M.P., Bull, N.J. & Cooper, S.J.B. 2003. Molecular phylogenetics of allodapine bees, with implications for the evolution of sociality and progressive rearing. Systematic Biology, 52, 1–14. Schwarz, M.P., Tierney, S.M., Bull, N.J. & Cooper, S.J.B. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics of the allodapine bee genus Braunsapis: A-T bias and heterogeneous substitution parameters. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 1–14. Schwarz, M.P., Tierney, S.M., Zammit, J., Schwarz, P.M. & Fuller, S. 2005. Social and nesting biology of a Malagasy species of Halterapis: implications for understanding social evolution in the allodapine bees. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98, 126–133. Schwarz, M.P., Fuller, S.J., Tierney, S.M. & Cooper, S.J.B. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics of the exoneurine allodapine bees reveal an ancient and puzzling dispersal from Africa to Australia. Systematic Biology,
Credits	Photographs © Vida van der Walt (Pretoria) or Graham Grieve.

Web author Simon van Noort (Iziko South African Museum)

Citation: van Noort, S. 2024. WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the World. URL: www.waspweb.org (accessed on <day/month/year>).

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