Anaxyeloidea

Distribution

Diversity

Biology

Xylophagous, developing in trees of Calocedrus (Incense-Cedar), Juniperus (Juniper), or Thuja (Cedar). Females oviposit into wood just below the bark of very recently burnt trees. The branches are often still smouldering. Larvae feed on the dead wood, taking one to three years to complete development.

References

Abe, M. & Smith, D.R. 1991. The Genus-group names of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) and their type species. Esakia, Fukuoka 31: 1-115.

Aguiar AP, Deans AR, Engel MS, Forshage M, Huber JT, Jennings JT, Johnson NF, Lelej AS, Longino JT, Lohrmann V, Miko I. 2013. Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang, Z.-Q.(Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa 3703: 51-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12

Benson, R. B. 1935. On the genera of Cephidae, and the erection of a new family Syntexidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. Tenth Series, London 16: 535-553.

Blank, S.M., Taeger, A., Liston, A.D., Smith, D.R., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Shinohara , A., Heidemaa , M. & Viitasaari, M. 2009. Studies toward a World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2254: 1–96.

Branstetter MG, Childers AK, Cox-Foster D, Hopper KR, Kapheim KM, Toth AL, Worley KC. 2018. Genomes of the Hymenoptera. Current Opinion in Insect Science 25: 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.11.008

Chevin H. 1984. Note sur les Hymenopteres Tenthredinoides (XI). Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 53 (9): 303-309.

Johnson BR, Borowiec ML, Chiu JC, Lee EK, Atallah J, Ward PS. 2013. Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps. Current Biology 23: 2058–2062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050

Korkmaz EM, Doǧan Ö, Durel BS, Temel Altun B, Budak M & Başibüyük HH. 2018. Mitogenome organization and evolutionary history of the subfamily Cephinae (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Systematic Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12290

Magis N. & Pauly A. 2001. Captures récentes du Cephide Athetocephalus maculatus Benson, 1935 (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Notes Fauniques de Gembloux 44: 112.

Goulet, H. 1993. Superfamilies Cephoidea, Megalodontoidea, Orussoidea, Siricoidea, Tenthredinoidea and Xyeloidea (pp. 101-129). In GOULET, H.HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp.

Muche, W. H. 1981. Die Cephidae der Erde (Hym., Cephidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, Berlin 28(4-5): 239-295.

Peters RS, Krogmann L, Mayer C, Donath A, Gunkel S, Meusemann K, Kozlov A, Podsiadlowski L, Petersen M, Lanfear R, Diez PA. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27:1013-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027

Quinlan, J. 1974. The nominal taxa described by R. B. Benson and their types, with a bibliography of his works (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology series, London 30(4): 217-265.

Sharkey, M., 2007. Phylogeny and classification of Hymenoptera. Zootaxa 1668: 521–548.

Sharkey, M. J., Carpenter, J. M., Vilhelmsen, L., Heraty, J., Liljeblad, J., Dowling, A. P.G., Schulmeister, S., Murray, D., Deans, A. R., Ronquist, F., Krogmann, L. and Wheeler, W. C. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28: 80–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x

Taeger, A. & Blank, S.M. 2011. ECatSym – electronic world catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 3.10, data version 38 (07.12.2011) Digital Entomological Information, Müncheberg.

Taeger, A., Blank, S.M. & Liston, A.D. 2010. World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1-1064.

Credits

Photographs © Katja Seltmann (MorphBank).